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大学英语2作业
一、音标
把28个辅音音标和20个元音音标抄写在作业本上。
二、翻译
把下面的短文抄写在作业本上，并翻译成汉语。
Task 1
There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold. Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather. Colds are caused by viruses(病毒)harbored in the body，and you're better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a snowy day than you are in a warm room, surrounded by friends, co-workers, or fellow students, who just may be passing the viruses around. If you feel a chill when you're coming down with a cold，you're already sick. A chill is an early symptom ：it's the cold that caused the chill, not the other way around.
While the virus can spread through droplets (飞沫)propelled into the air when a cold-sufferer coughs or sneezes. Surprisingly, this is not the most common route of transmission. Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are “caught” by hand contact. A cold sufferer rubs her nose, thereby transferring the virus to her hand. Then a friend comes to visit.“Don't kiss me,” she cautions, so the friend steps back and presses her hand. The friend then wipes her own nose or eye, and several days later is stricken with a cold. Or parents pick up their child's discarded(丢弃的)tissues and carefully throw them away, but fail to wash their hands afterward.
Cold viruses also can be transferred to objects— telephones, towels, plates and remain infectious for up to three hours. Frequent hand-washing—on the part of the cold sufferer as well as other members of the household—will minimize the spread of viruses in this way.
Task 2
The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability，but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon，in only 10 or 20 years perhaps，we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain，and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software (软件)or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.
I think it is certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon(硅)will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon's long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.
As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers，first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead，by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide，the construction of a vast，man-created world in space，home to thousands or millions of people，will be within our power.
Task 3
Man finds living together with his own species(物种)difficult enough and living together with other species almost impossible.Our usual solution is to kill off anything that get in our way.Even on those rare occasions when we do enter into a relationship with another species,it is heavily biased (带有倾向)in our favor.The other species benefits only when it suits our own interests.Our attempts to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in our own language and having them obeyed.Probably our best attempt has been the whistle language that is used in the shepherdsheepdog relationship.This is a system that is natural to neither species,but one that both can understand.Its only fault lies in fact that the bias is still there—the dog cannot whistle for the man.
But now comes news of a piece of research that promises，for the first time，to open up twoway communication between man and another species.
At the University of Nevada in the western United States,animated (活跃的)conversations are being held with a young female chimpanzee (黑猩猩)called Washoe.Allen and Beatrice Gardener have succeeded in doing this because they have used an entirely new approach，an approach based on the natural abilities of the chimpanzee.Past attempts to communicate with chimpanzees have failed because the researchers tried to make their animals use a vocal language.
Task 4
Scientists can determine someone's favorite food from their body shape.They have discovered that the arrangement of taste buds (舌部味蕾)on the tongue varies for different body types.The scientist team examined 1,000 British adults and divided them into three physiologically recognized body types—ectomorphs, endomorphs and mesomorphs.They determined that a person's body type indicated where they were likely to have the most taste buds on the sweet， bitter or salty areas of their tongue.
The study showed that ectomorphs,who make up one in three of the population,usually have a small delicate shape,have a sweet tooth but hate bitter foods.Mesomorphs,who make up 20 percent of the population，usually have a muscular shape and prefer salty or bitter foods but dislike sweet foods.Half the British population are endomorphy with soft,rounded bodies,and they like most foods.The findings showed that for two in three people food preference was a physiological rather than a psychological choice.
Body shape expert Simon Bradshaw,who takes charge of this team,said：“It appears that simply by looking at an individual's body shape we can make sure about their preferences.” But Catherine Collins，of the British Dietetic Association said ：“ It is difficult to dictate whether our body shape dictates the food we like，or the food we like dictates body shape.”It stands to reason people who prefer most types of foods will be fatter and people who are the endomorph shape tend to find it more difficult to lose weight.
Task 5
Some people believe that you have to be a special kind of person to sell a product.But although it is clear that a successful salesman does need special talents and an open personality， many of the skills he uses are used by us all.
We build and keep relationships with different kinds of people，we listen to and take note of what they tell us and don't just enjoy the sound of our own voices，and we explain things to them or discuss ideas with them.
In the same way，any company needs to establish a personal relationship with its major clients and potential customers.It is often said that “people do business with people” ：a firm doesn't just deal impersonally (没有人情味地)with another firm.A person in the buying department regularly receives personal visits from people representing the firm's suppliers (供应商)—or in the case of department stores or chain stores，a team of buyers may travel around visiting their suppliers.
Keeping sales people “on the road” is much more expensive than employing them to work in the office.Much of the sales people's time is spent unproductively traveling.Telephone selling may use this time more productively,but a facetoface meeting and discussion is much more effective.Companies involved in the export trade often have a separate export sales force.Its travel and accommodation expenses may be very high.As a result,servicing overseas customers may often be done by phone,telex (电传)or letter,and personal visits may be less often.Many firms appoint an overseas agent or distributor (分销商)whose own sales force takes over responsibility for selling their products in another country.
三、短文练习
把下面的短文抄写在作业本上，并完成短文后面的练习题。
A contract is an agreement between two or more people in which one person agrees to do something by a specified date in return for something done by the other.Usually the contract is a written document signed and dated by both parties.It must state clearly the consideration,that is，what is to be given or done by one person in exchange for what is given or done by the other.If one person does what was promised and the other does not，the other may be sued in court and required by court order to make good.He or she may also be required to pay for damages suffered as a result of the failure to perform.The things to be done by both parties must be stated in definite terms or the court will hold that contract is too vague and general to be enforced.Similarly，the time period within which the work is to be done must be definite or the court will say that the document is not a contract.
1)A contract is an __________.
2)Usually the contract is a __________document.
3)A contract must 48 what is to be given or done.
4)The one,who does not do what was promised,will be required to __________ damages.
5)The things to be done by both parties must be stated in __________
四、把下面的短文抄写在作业本上，并回答短文后面的问题。
DREAMWORLD INFORMATION
HOURS OF OPERATION ：Dream world is open every day of the year from 10∶00 a.m.to 5∶00 p.m.，except Christmas Day.Hours of operation may be extended during holiday periods.
LOCATION ：Dream world is 20 kilometers north of Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast (25 minutes'，drive).
TICKETS ：Children aged between 4 to 13 are charged half price，while those 14 years and over are charged full admission.Children under 4 years are free.
1On which day will Dreamworld be closed?
______________________________
2How many hours of operation are there every day?
______________________________
3How long will it take to drive there?
______________________________
4How will the hours of operation be altered during holiday periods?
It may______________________________.
5Who will be charged half price?
______________________________
六．作文
把作文题目抄在作业本上，并按照要求写一篇作文。
根据以下中文信息写一个邀请函：
邀请人：王力被邀请人：John Smith
内容:王力及其妻子邀请John Smith夫妇来家中参加儿子一岁生日宴。时间定于6月10号下午七点在皇家饭店举行。
回复:Smith回复自己将于近日回国处理公司要事,不能前往,表示歉意。
