请把作业手写在16开的备课本上，作业本封面上写清楚作业内容、系，专业，年级，姓名，学号。注意写清楚题号。
大学英语1作业
一、音标
把28个辅音音标和20个元音音标抄写在作业本上。
二、翻译
把下面的短文抄写在作业本上，并翻译成汉语。
Task 1
The business cycle is made up of many phases and one of them is the expansion phase which is divided into two parts—recovery and prosperity.
During the recovery period there is a growing expansion of existing equipment. And new facilities for production are created. More businesses are created and older ones expand. Many kinds of important improvements are made. People hold increasingly positive view about the future of economic growth. Much capital is invested in machinery or “heavy” industry. More labor is employed. More raw materials are required.
As more economy departments develop，other departments are affected. For example，the expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel and rubber industries. Roads are required ； thus the cement and machinery industries are activated. Demand for labor and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers of raw materials. This increases the amount of goods bought and sold. This prosperity can be seen among the various parts of the population.
This prosperity period may continue to rise without an obvious end. However, when this phase reaches a peak and stops going upwards，it is the end of the expansion phase.
Task 2
It is known to us that English is not as old as Chinese, but it is widely used by most people all over the world. English speakers enjoy creating new words. In fact, a majority of words are traceable and each of them may have an interesting story.
However, no one will really care where a word comes from because it makes little difference in using them in our daily life. Did you ever feel confused about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, especially when they are not made with ham?
About a hundred years ago, some men went to American from Europe, coining from a big city in Germany called Hamburg. They didn't know how to use English properly. Seen them eating round pieces of beef and asked what it was, the Germans didn't understand the questions exactly, they answered, “we come from Hamburg.” One of the Americans was an owner of a restaurant and got an idea. He cooked some round pieces of bread with beef and began selling them. Such bread came to be called “hamburgers”. Today, hamburgers are welcomed by lots of people coining from different nationalities.
Task 3
Youth is not a matter of time but a matter of self-improvement, both physically and morally. Being a good youth, one should have those factors: the basic one is health. A healthy body is a kind of priceless treasure. One can do nothing without it. Secondly, we should pay essential attention to our moral character. We should be always willing to help those in trouble without any complaints. Moreover, we should care more about the people around us. Thirdly, cooperation and communication also play an important role in being a good youth. No one can live alone without any friends. And nobody can work out every problem without help of partners. So the youth should and must learn how to live and work well with others, including those people you don't like to cooperate or communicate with. The last but not the least, patriotism, meaning a love of one's country, is the one we should never forget. People always misunderstand the word “patriots” by thinking it only refers to those fighters who fight for their country. As a matter of fact, a patriot will do the things his country asks him to do. So being a youth is one thing, being a good one really needs to take every effort to make yourself to be.
Task 4
After a day's hard work, we need some sleep. During the sleep, the fatigue (疲劳) of the body disappears and recuperation (恢复) begins. The tired mind gathers new energy, and the memory improves.
Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four hours. Infants (婴儿) sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily, the amount gradually diminishing as they grow older. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive working under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people have little sleep. Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.
Whatever your individual need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine: a favorite hour，a favorite bed，a favorite position，and a rule you need to follow in order to rest comfortably.
Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours — nearly five days. Whatever the limit, it is absolute. Animals that kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limit for human beings is probably about a week.
Task 5
Insurance(保险)is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner，for example，knows that his property can be damaged by fire; the ship-owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea ； the breadwinner knows that he may die at any early age and leave his family poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons，each put a small sum into a pool，there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss. In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many. This is the basis of insurance. Those who pay the contribution are known as insured and those who administer(管理)the pool of contributions as insurers.
The legal basis of all insurance is the policy. This is a printed form of contract on stout paper of the best quality. It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a named sum of money, called the premium(保险费)，which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss，if the risk or event insured against actually happens. The premium for an insurance naturally depends upon how likely the risk is to happen, as suggested by past experience. If companies fix their premiums too high, there will be more to make the premium too low，they will lose money and may even have to drop out of business. So the ordinary forces of supply and demand keep premiums at a level satisfactory to both the insurer and the insured.
三、短文练习
把下面的短文抄写在作业本上，并完成短文后面的练习题。
The World Trade Organization was founded in 1995.It absorbed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)，which covers trade in manufactured and agricultural goods. The WTO also regulates trade in services and in intellectual property，which includes such creations (作品)as books, computer softwares, and recordings.
The WTO is one of three major organizations that oversee (监督)international economic relations among governments. The other two are the International Monetary Fund(国际货币基金会)，which works to improve payment arrangements and other financial dealings between countries, and the World Bank, which provides loans to poorer nations for economic development.WTO headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
1)The World Trade Organization was founded in _____.
2)The GATT covers trade in _____ goods.
3)The WTO is one of three major organizations. The other two are the _____ and _____.
4)WTO headquarters are in _____ , Switzerland.
四、把下面的短文抄写在作业本上，并回答短文后面的问题。
Dear Sir or Madam，
With reference to your advertisement in China Daily on November 28th，2008，I am writing to express my interest in applying for the captioned post.
I am presently a programmer at Success Securities. Ltd.，and my 2-year contract will expire soon. By applying for the post I am looking forward to switching to a larger, more sophisticated and more computerized company so that I can enrich myself to meet the challenges that a large company poses.
Please refer to the enclosed resume for the technical details of my past duties. I would be available for an interview at your convenience. Thank you for your attention to this application.
Yours truly,
×××
56Where does he find the advertisement?
57When does he find the advertisement?
58What does he do at present?
59Which company does he work in at present?
60Why will he change his job?
Because his 2-year contract _____.
五．作文
把作文题目抄在作业本上，并按照要求写一篇作文。
假定你是李明。北京奥组委正在选拔英语翻译志愿者，你希望参加。
写信日期:2008年6月23日申请函需要包括：
1个人情况:年龄，性别，学历
2个人条件：英语好，爱好体育，友善，乐于助人
3联系方式
Words for reference ：
奥运会Olympic Games志愿者Volunteer
总经理 General manager
